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Home/Hioki News/การวัดการทำงานของความถี่ RFID โดยใช้ Hioki Impedance Analyzer IM758x Series

การวัดการทำงานของความถี่ RFID โดยใช้ Hioki Impedance Analyzer IM758x Series

Posted by : HIOKI TH / Posted on : September 24, 2020
Hioki News Media Center

What is RFID?

RFID refers to Radio-frequency identification and uses radio frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer digital information. Because of it’s non-contact method of wireless information collection, the technology has been recently in the spotlight during the pandemic, especially in the healthcare industry and supply chain.

There is a huge potential in RFID technology lately as it helps to reduce physical contact and can be used in the fight of against COVID-19. 

Some hospitals are even using RFID technology to track how often healthcare workers are washing their hands.

Other industries/applications that use RFID technology include:

– Supply chain management

-Passport

– ID cards

-Wireless Payments

-Food Industry

-Healthcare Industry

-Automotive Industry …and more.

Operating Frequencies of RFIDs: 

The operating frequencies of RFIDs, which are also known as IC tags or contactless IC cards, are defined by standards. When performing L measurement of a board used by a contactless IC card, the measurement must be made near the operating frequency of 13.56 MHz.

Setting example of measurement conditions

Measurement Mode

ANALYZER

Parameters

Z-θ frequency characteristics analysis(L-Q、R evaluation available)

Sweep parameter

FREQ

Sweep frequency

Sweep measurement close to the operating frequency (See the table below)

Signal level

V mode 1V (350x, IM35xx series) or 1dBm (IM758x series)

 

*The above settings apply to an example measurement. Since optimal conditions vary with the measurement target, specific settings should be determined by the instrument operator.

RFID standards

Category

Frequency

Effective distance

Standard

ID cards

13.56MHz

Up to 10cm

(Proximity applications)

ISO14443

Automatic recognition

125kHz

Up to 70cm

(Vicinity applications)

ISO14443

13.56MHz

ISO15693

Structure of RFID tag

RFIDs generally consist of an antenna and IC. Signal transmission is accomplished by a resonant circuit formed by the antenna inductor (Ls) and the IC chip’s built-in input capacitance (Cp).

Inductor

Circuit model

Frequency characteristics of defective and non-defective components

As shown in the following figures, the Z-θ frequency characteristics of defective and non-defective components differ. The non-defective component exhibits a resonance point near the operating frequency.

 Frequency Characteristics of Impedance

Frequency Characteristics of Phase

Products Used

Production line and R&D applications

Model

Measurement frequency

RFID

100k to 1.3GHz *

Mainly for high-frequency RFID

4Hz to 5MHz

Mainly for low-frequency to medium frequency RFID

*For more information, please see the product catalog .

Pass/Fail Judgments Using Analyzer Mode

Either of two methods can be used to generate pass/fail judgments when using analyzer mode: peak judgment and area judgment.

Judgment method: Whether the resonance points fall inside a judgment area.

Judgment method: Whether all measured values fall inside a judgment area.

Peak Judgement

Area judgment

Judgment areas can be set as follows.

  • A known-good element’s measured value can be used as the reference (±10% of the reference element’s measured value, etc.).

  • A user-specified value can be entered (1 k±10%, etc.).

Ascertaining Electrical Constants By Means Of Equivalent Circuit Analysis

The instrument’s equivalent circuit analysis function can be used to calculate the constants in a three-terminal circuit model such as an RFID antenna.

*Model A should be used for coils with a large core loss (R) in order to facilitate more accurate analysis.

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